Liner for cracking apparatus



J. C. VBLACK LINER FOR CRACKING APPARATUS Filed March 23. 1927 WWQ,

Patented Apr. 5, 1932 UNITED STATES yTOI-IN' C. BLACK, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO GASOLINE PRODUCTS COM- PATENT OFFICE PANY, INC., OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION DELAWARE LINER FOR CRACKING APPARATUS Application led March 23, 1927. Serial No. 177,732.

This invention relates to an improvement in pipe coils in which a high temperature, high pressure, or a high speed of flow of the oil, or a combination of any of these condi- E tions, is -to be expected, the said coils being used in some such heater as that employed in converting high boiling point hydrocarbon oils into low boiling point hydrocarbon oils, i. e. the process of cracking. The said im- 1@ provement is effected by the-use of a liner at the points in the said pipe coils Where the ilovv of the liquid changes in direction.

This apparatus is particularly adaptable in all forms of cracking apparatus for the production of low boiling hydrocarbons from high boiling hydrocarbons and may be employed successfully in my process as described in United States Patent No. 1,431,77 2,

patented' October 10, 1922, to which reference is hereby made.

I have found that there is an excessive diminution of the metal in the tubes in a cracking coil Where the temperatures are substantially above 600 F. at the points Where the direction of l'low ofthe oil in the tubes is changed, which I believe is due to erosion of the metal by the carbon particles from the decomposition of the hydrocarbons, or it may be due' to a combination of corrosion and erosion, the former being caused by the combination of the steelof the tube and the sulphur V contained in the cracking hydrocarbons.

We have found that erosion and corrosion i of the tubes do not occur beyond approximately six or eight inches from the return bend. This is vdue apparently to the flow being stream lined beyond these distances, whereas where highly turbulent action occurs in the return bends, the corrosion and erosion are excessive, and for this reason I lhave found that the liner's'hould extend into the run of the pipe for approximately six 4or eight inches, or toa point Where stream lined How occurs. This is an important feature as it obviates the necessity oflining lthe Wh'ole tube from end to end. y g

.It is an objectief the present invention to minimize this corrosion and erosion by placing a particularly non-corrosive andnonerosive metal at the points Where corrosion and erosion are most likely to occur.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an economical and useful manner in which to repair the tubes where and when said corrosion and erosion do occur.

We attain lthese objects by placing liners of metal plated With chromium or tungsten, or liners of alloys of the same, or in certaincases We may use a liner composed of steel only, `Which may be replaced easily, inside the tubes at certain points, as Will beunderstood better by reference to the accompanyinmdravvings.

i'gure 1 is an end view of a typical pair of pipes showing a cross-over pipe from one to the other. v

Figure 2` is af sectionlof Figurel ltaken along the center line 22.

Figure 3 is an end view of a typical plug used in each end of each pipe in the coil.

Figure 4 is a'side view of said plug.

Iig. 5 shows ay side elevation of a pipe co1 Figure 6 is a plan view of a template to be plan view of a template to be 6 of said metals or alloys, the end of the pipe 7 being closed by a`plug.

cross-overs.

In- Figure 2 the pipe 8 has ,Welded to it a piece of pipe2 of similar outside diameter butof a greater insidediameter. The liner 1 is a push-ftinside the pipe 2 and the inside ldiameter ofS the liner 1 is the same as that of the pipe 8 thus obviating any obstruction to .the flow of liquid. The pipes 9 and 7 and the liner 6 are constructed in a similar manner. The plug 8 is screwed into the ends of` The above arrangement is typical of, all

pipe 2 or 7 and has welded to its inside facel eign bodies so deposited will remain in placev and will not be removed by the ordinary process used in purging.

The cross-over pipe 4 is cut into halves andv is then placed around the cross-over liner 5 and welded in position. the cuts which have the cross-over being welded also.

Figure 6 shows the template 15 from which the liners 1 and 6 will be cut from a flat plate of said metals and rolled into a tube of the necessary diameter. Figure 7 shows the template 14 from which the cross-over liner 5 will be cut from a Hat plate of said metals and rolled to a tube of the necessary diameter.

Having thus described the nature of said invention and the best means I know for carrying the same into practical effect, I claim: Y

1. An apparatus for the prevention of erosion on the inside of pipe coils, the coils comprising pairs of pipe sections, each pair having a cross-over near one end, said ends having internal bores of greater diameter than v the intermediate pipe sections, push-in liners for said ends for reducmg the bores of the ends to'conform in diameter to the bores of the intermediate sections said cross-overs connecting said ends, an'd having linings interttingthe linings of said ends.

2. A pipe coil for cracking hydrocarbon under high pressure and heat, comprising a coil made up of pairs of sections of pipes, each pipe having an end welded-to -an intermediate section, said end being'of larger bore than the intermediate section and a push-fit liner in said end adapted to reduce the bore of the end to the bore of the intermediate section.

3. A hydrocarbon heating element comprising a plurality of pipe lengths having removable plugs in both ends of each pipe length and alternating cross-overs between the pipe lengths, chromium alloy metal liners inserted on the inside o`f each cross-over, attached to the inward vfaces of said plugs, and pushed into the inside of each end of each pipe length respectively and extending into the pipes for a distance to protect' the ends of said pipes, cross-overs and plugs from the eii'ectof corroslon.

4. In combination with a .hydrocarbon heating element, a plurality of assembled pipe lengths, lconnecting cross-overs and plugs', metal llners of non-erosive metal made from overs and metal liners attached to the in- Ward faces of said plugs to protect the plugs f and cross-overs from the effect of corrosion.

5. A pipe section for conducting erosives through it, c mprising an end and an intermediate section, the intermediate section having a smaller bore than the end section, a push-in lining ,with an opening in its side for the inner bore of the end section and resting against the end of the said smaller bore portion and a screw plug with its end resting against the outer end of said lining.

6. A hydrocarbon heating element assembly having a plurality of pipe lengths with alternating cross-overs connecting the pipe lengths, liners of relatively non-corrosive metal disposed on the inside of said crossovers, liners slipped into the end of said pipe lengths and extending for a short distance beyond the cross-overs to protect these portions of said element from corrosion.

7. A pipe coil comprising successive pairs of sections, a cross-over in each pair near the end of the section, said ends havinglinings consisting of an erosion resisting metal blank bent to tube form and .with cut out portion on either sides thereof and inserted in said end as alining therefor, said cross-over portion having ytherein a lining with its. ends coinciding with the edges of the cut out portion of said metal blank.

8. In` combination with' a hydrocarbon heating element assembly including pipe lengths, cross-overs and plugs, metal liners of relatively non-corrosive material pushed i to the inside of each end of eachpipe length, cross-overs having liners inserted therein and liners on the inward faces of said plugs to protect the plugs, pipe lengths and cross-overs from the effect of corrosion.

9. A heating coil comprising successive pairs of metal lined pipe sections and crossovers between each pair near one end, said ends being welded to the intermediate pipe sections and the cross-overs welded to said ends whereby push-in, linings may be inserted in said cross-overs and ends before the ends are welded to ythe intermediate section and the cross-overs to said ends.

10. In combination with a hydrocarbon l heating element assembly, including crossovers and pipe lengths with removable plugs,

,metal/liners of relatively non-corrosive material having a push fit into'the inside of each end of each pipe length and ,cross-over,

and extending `into the pipes of each end of'v said pipe lengths for a distance to protect the ends of said plpe lengths and cross-overs from the effect of corrosion.

.11. A heating coil made upof successive c pairs ofl pipe and a cross-over in each-pair in the' ends extending on either side .of the cross-overs and a plug abutting the lining in each end.

12. A heating coil made up of successive l pairs of pipe and a cross-over for each pair at the ends, the ends of the pipe having bores of larger diameter than the intermediate portions and slip-in erosion resisting liners in the ends thereof and Within the enlarged bores.

13. A heating coil comprising a plurality of pairs of tubes, a crossover for each pair and corrosive 'resistant means positioned in the ends of each tube'forming a continuous unobstructed surface at the juncturel of said means with the tube.

14. A heating coil comprising a plurality of pairs of tubes, a crossover `for each pair and a slip-in non-corrosive liner in the ends of each tube forming a continuous unobstructed surface at the juncture of the liner with the tube.

15. A heating coil comprising a plurality of pairs of tubes, crossover for each pair, a slip-in non-corrosive liner in the ends of each tube forming a continuous unobstructed surface of the juncture of the liner with the tube and a non-corrosive liner extending throughv out the interior of said crossover.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature. JOHN C. BLACK. p 

